What Is GMP?
GMP refers to the Good Manufacturing Practice Regulations promulgated by the US Food and Drug Administration under the
authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (See Chapter IV for food, and Chapter V, Sub chapters A, B, C, D,
and E for drugs and devices.) These regulations, which have the force of law, require that manufacturers, processors,
and packagers of drugs, medical devices, some food, and blood take proactive steps to ensure that their products are
safe, pure, and effective. GMP regulations require a quality approach to manufacturing, enabling companies to
minimize or eliminate instances of contamination, mixups, and errors. This in turn, protects the consumer from
purchasing a product which is not effective or even dangerous. Failure of firms to comply with GMP regulations can
result in very serious consequences including recall, seizure, fines, and jail time.
GMP regulations address issues including record keeping, personnel qualifications, sanitation, cleanliness, equipment verification, process
validation, and complaint handling. Most GMP requirements are very general and open-ended, allowing each manufacturer to decide
individually how to best implement the necessary controls. This provides much flexibility, but also requires that the manufacturer
interpret the requirements in a manner which makes sense for each individual business.
GMP is also sometimes referred to as "cGMP". The "c" stands for "current," reminding manufacturers that they must employ technologies
and systems which are up-to-date in order to comply with the regulation. Systems and equipment used to prevent contamination, mix
ups, and errors, which may have been "top-of-the-line" 20 years ago, may be less than adequate by today's standards.
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